期刊目錄列表-第三十七期【教育評鑑研究期刊】(114年6月出版)

教育年數、預期壽命、國民所得的差異及影響之縱貫研究—以四類發展程度國家為例 [詳全文]

作者：張芳全

刊期：第37期
日期：2025年6月
頁碼：69-114
DOI：10.6866/JEAE

摘要：

本研究從聯合國開發署(2023)蒐集2000年、2005年、2010年、2015年及2020年180個國家的人類發展指數（Human Development Index [HDI]），各國據HDI分為極高、高度、中度與低度國家，探討教育年數與預期壽命對國民所得的影響與差異。研究發現：（一）五個年度HDI 愈高國家，其預期壽命、教育年數與國民所得相對較高，同時極高HDI 國家的三項指標皆明顯高於其他三類國家。（二）極高HDI國家中，預期壽命對國民所得貢獻雖呈逐年下降趨勢，但整體貢獻仍高於教育年數，惟兩者差距逐漸縮小。相對地，低度HDI 國家的教育年數與預期壽命對國民所得的影響逐年減小，且2015年前教育年數貢獻高於預期壽命，2020年則出現反轉。然而高度與中度HDI國家之教育年數與預期壽命對國民所得沒有顯著影響。（三）臺灣在五個年度教育年數與預期壽命持續提升，2010 年之前低於極高HDI 國家國民所得；2015年及2020年臺灣國民所得高於極高HDI國家各有2,215美元及5,575美元。顯示近年來臺灣人力資本提升轉化提高經濟發展。各國應依各HDI類型提出對應策略：極高HDI國家應關注教育資源過度集中與人力資本閒置；低度HDI國家應積極擴充教育，提升人力資本促進經濟成長；高度與中度HDI 國家應重新檢視教育年數與預期壽命對經濟發展的影響，避免人力資本投資浪費。

關鍵詞：人類發展指數、國民所得、教育年數、預期壽命

Journal of Educational Administration and Evaluation, June 2025, Vol. 37

Longitudinal Study of the Differences and Impacts of Years of Education, Life Expectancy, and National Income: Evidence from Four Levels of Development Countries’ Data

Author: Fang-Chung Chang

Vol.&No.: Vol. 37
Date: June 2025
Pages: 69-114
DOI: 10.6866/JEAE

Abstract:

This study utilized Human Development Index (HDI) data from the United Nations Development Programme (2023) for the years 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020, covering 180 countries categorized into very high, high, medium, and low HDI groups. It examined the impact of years of education and life expectancy on national income across these classifications. The findings indicate: (1) countries with higher HDI generally have longer life expectancy, more years of education, and higher national income. In particular, very high HDI countries consistently outperform others across all three indicators. (2) In very high HDI countries, although the contribution of life expectancy to national income has gradually declined over time, it remains higher than that of education, though the gap is narrowing. In contrast, in low HDI countries, both education and life expectancy show decreasing effects on income, with education having a higher impact before 2015, but life expectancy surpassing it by 2020. No significant influence was found in high and medium HDI countries. (3) Taiwan has shown consistent growth in education and life expectancy, with its national income surpassing the average of very high HDI countries in 2015 and 2020 by USD 2,215 and USD 5,575, respectively. These results suggest Taiwan’s recent economic growth has benefited from improved human capital. Policy implications include the need for tailored strategies: very high HDI countries should address issues of over-concentration and underutilization of educational
resources; low HDI countries should expand education to boost human capital; and high/medium HDI countries should reassess the economic impact of education and health investments to avoid resource inefficiencies.

Keywords: human development index, national income, years of education, life expectancy